A few corrections for the timeline. I believe Jax was incorporated in 1832. Urban renewal's greatest impact on downtown came in the 1950s with the construction of the Jacksonville Expressway system and Haydon Burns' elimination of the wharves along Bay Street. The negative impact of suburban malls on the core didn't really start to take a toll until the later 1970s. For at least 20 years, downtown retail remained strong and expanded, despite Gateway, Normandy, Philips, Roosevelt and Regency being in business.